Docker Setup

5. Docker Containerization

Step 1: Create Dockerfile

Create Dockerfile in project root

# Use official Python runtime as base image
FROM python:3.11-slim

# Set environment variables
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
ENV DEBUG=False

# Set work directory
WORKDIR /app

# Install system dependencies
RUN apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        postgresql-client \
        gcc \
        python3-dev \
        musl-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Install Python dependencies
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

# Copy project
COPY . .

# Create and switch to non-root user
RUN useradd --create-home --shell /bin/bash appuser
RUN chown -R appuser:appuser /app
USER appuser

# Expose port
EXPOSE 8000

# Run application
CMD ["gunicorn", "config.wsgi:application", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000"]

Step 2: Create Docker Compose File

Create docker-compose.yml

version: "3.8"

services:
  web:
    build: .
    command: >
      sh -c "python manage.py migrate &&
             python manage.py collectstatic --noinput &&
             gunicorn config.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000"
    volumes:
      - static_volume:/app/staticfiles
      - media_volume:/app/media
    expose:
      - "8000"
    environment:
      - DEBUG=False
      - DB_NAME=postgres
      - DB_USER=postgres
      - DB_PASSWORD=postgres
      - DB_HOST=db
      - DB_PORT=5432
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379/0
    depends_on:
      - db
      - redis
    networks:
      - django-network

  db:
    image: postgres:15
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data/
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=postgres
      - POSTGRES_USER=postgres
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres
    networks:
      - django-network

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    networks:
      - django-network

  celery:
    build: .
    command: celery -A config worker --loglevel=info
    volumes:
      - .:/app
    environment:
      - DEBUG=False
      - DB_NAME=postgres
      - DB_USER=postgres
      - DB_PASSWORD=postgres
      - DB_HOST=db
      - DB_PORT=5432
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379/0
    depends_on:
      - db
      - redis
    networks:
      - django-network

  celery-beat:
    build: .
    command: celery -A config beat --loglevel=info
    volumes:
      - .:/app
    environment:
      - DEBUG=False
      - DB_NAME=postgres
      - DB_USER=postgres
      - DB_PASSWORD=postgres
      - DB_HOST=db
      - DB_PORT=5432
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379/0
    depends_on:
      - db
      - redis
    networks:
      - django